The Law and ICT Essay Example for Free

The Law and ICT Essay Presentation: Since the presentation of PCs in 1980s, the utilization of PC innovation in schools has reflected that in western culture all in all. In numerous western schools, the accessibility of a web associated is considered as a privilege and an essential for learning; numerous schools have thought of or are wanting to move to a proportion of one PC for every understudy. As PC innovation has become universal in the circles of business and industry, a social desire has built up that schools ought to â€Å"train understudies for the work environments of the future†. This desire has driven, thus, to open strategy activities concentrated on empowering selection of different parts of innovation. Colleges started preparing instructors to utilize innovation in their homerooms, and governments and organizations the same started emptying cash into schools. In spite of the fact that at first alluded to by the catch-all term â€Å"educational technology†, mirroring the viewpoint of numerous in the exploration network that PCs were another in the long queue of devices utilized in administration of innovation, the talk started to change in the late 1990s. Specialists and policymakers in the United Kingdom, amped up for the possibilities of PC innovation for changing instructing and learning, started to utilize the expression â€Å"Information and Communication Technologies†, or ICT, to allude to the expansive employments of figuring in schools (Stevenson, n. p., 1997). Today, however there remain pockets where PC innovation is not exactly unavoidable in schools, many consider that schools in created nations have arrived at a close widespread degree of access to registering innovation. Insights support this contention: 99% of optional schools in the US and UK has PCs that can get to the web. The normal understudy to-PC proportion in UK optional schools in 2004 was 4.9-to-one, while US schools revealed a normal proportion of 4.8-to-one out of 2002. (NCES 2003, DFES 2004) Simultaneously the PC innovation has gotten omnipresent in schools, scientists have started to inspect what job PCs should play in the instructive undertaking. From early technophiles and bosses of study hall based figuring came guarantees of expanded learning productivity and accomplishment for all students (Papert, n. p., 1980), joined with a maybe horrendous thought of instructors being consigned to unimportant mentors for students’ individualized learning (Callister Dune, p 324-326, 1992). Pundits, highlighting the astonishing capacity of the instructive foundation to maintain a strategic distance from precise change despite even the most amazing of intercessions, were wary of innovation for various reasons (Chadwick, p 35-40, 2002). One consequence of this competition (Reynolds, Treharne, Tripp, p 151-167, 2003) was an expansion of exploration contrasting instructive registering with customary substance conveyance; all things considered, the work discovered essentially no distinction in the instructive results of the diverse conveyance strategies (Salomon, p 71-72, 2002). Other exploration has given fundamentally progressively significant information on how PC innovation can be utilized in instructive settings. In particular, by joining research in the learning sciences with research in instructive figuring, analysts have had the option to call attention to clear regions where PCs can affect learning in exceptionally positive manners (Brown, p 399 413, 1997). There remain questions, in any case, about PC innovation in schools (Cuban, Kirkpatrick, Peck, p 813-834, 2001; Solomon, p 73-75, 2002). Notwithstanding developing groups of exploration highlighting fruitful approaches to coordinate PCs into learning conditions, numerous issues exist. Educators are regularly not well arranged and neglect to incorporate ICT effectively in any event, when they have the essential equipment and programming. Innovation programs are regularly brought into schools with little readiness and backing, hence guaranteeing that solitary the most exceptionally energetic educators will take them up. Innovation is frequently utilized on the side of customary showing rehearses, despite the fact that it shows the guarantee of taking instructing and figuring out how to another, more student focused and in this manner increasingly viable level (Reigeluth Joseph, p 9-13, 2002). ICT in Schools at UK As it is ordinarily utilized in UK schools today, ICT may comprise of numerous innovation based devices which are utilized for instructing and learning in the schools: PCs utilized by the instructors, staff, or understudies; any product that may run on those PCs, regardless of whether planned or received for instructive purposes or not; the Internet including different part applications yet explicitly the Web; static presentation advances, for example, screens and LCD projectors or intelligent ones, for example, electronic whiteboards; printers and other yield gadgets; camcorders, computerized still cameras, sound recorders, digitized music, and other media creation gear that interfaces with the PCs; and other elective info gadgets, for example, logical estimating hardware. Maybe as a result of how extensively viable PC innovation has been in the work environment, or on account of how it has changed the manner in which numerous individuals speak with loved ones, there is by all accounts an implied presumption that innovation ought to improve the experience of instructing and learning in schools (Tyack Cuban, n. p., 1995). The Function Performed by ICT in the System of Education ICT is able to do and certainly plays out various capacities inside a school. The key capacities that it can play are scholastic, ethnic, collective, administrative and proficient .If ICT is executed with a cautious programming and is set up sensibly, it can totally impact various territories of school life, for example, the degree and force of nature of getting the hang of, beginning starting at a solid perplexity of current acts of educating to a continuous advancement in esteem, notwithstanding offering a remarkable opening for the advancement and improvement of educators (Pedro et al. p 2, 2004). Capacity of Academic Implementation One of the significant jobs of ICT inside the conditions of school is to introduce a structure in order to energize an overhaul and change instructive acts of educating. Despite the fact that there have been various idealistic outcomes represented on a minor level, on a replicable and huge scope no inventive kind of advancement is obvious because of ICT. In any case, the two understudies and instructors may profit the advantage of an expanded number of learning sources, for example, website pages and programming bundles. For viable study hall usage the instructors would require matter and stuff identified with the current educational program notwithstanding conceivable methodologies model examples. In the event that IT is incorporated as a normal homeroom practice the instructors will understand a superior learning inspiration and even an improved consistency and participation at school. Along these lines, instructors could profitably utilize this agreed way to open up novel instructive ways to deal with include understudies in learning exercises all the more effectively, as opposed to making them simple dormant information beneficiaries. (Pedro et al. p 3, 2004) Illuminating, Communal, and Specialized Functions The enlightening, collective and particular elements of ICT are actualized chiefly out of an effective exercise of the huge amount of wellsprings of information and reachable help at present for the entire network of training that are the guardians, managers, instructors and the understudies. Also, at present the most recent device for example the PDAs, Tablet PCs and science gadgets, and affordable moveable consoles having capacity of text-taking care of, are unquestionably helping educators the world over. An Internet associated school can accelerate cooperation and trade of thoughts inside the instructive network on neighborhood or national degrees as well as on a worldwide level also. The scholarly and learning ventures which unite the two instructors and understudies from everywhere throughout the world could increase the distinction of the verbally expressed separations, and could develop learners’ points of view through allowing them to get to know individuals of various ethos and may stir aggregate execution and shared correspondence and interface. Such systems fill in as a mediator for instructors to set up smooth relationship in the midst of overall schools peers. The instructors may have extraordinary focal points by examining their insight, inconveniences and vulnerabilities with educators of different nations in a similar field. E-learning is likewise accepting hugeness at present among the instructors for offering various preparing modules through Internet, subsequently making new assets accessible for capable headway regardless and where is the work environment of the members. (Pedro et al. p 3-4, 2004) Hierarchical/administrative Function The capacities performed by ICT in the school the executives are perceived as very little oppressive and can be effectively incorporated into the regulatory progression of data about students, educators, schedule and outline, monetary plans and possible activities because of the learning plan pipelines of data. ICT likewise ends up being a compelling wellspring of data for the network, for example, gatekeepers, guardians, examiners and government officials, with respect to new arrangements and other instructive reports. They likewise empower instructors to successfully stay up with the latest records, for example, students’ marks and other scholarly or individual records with the most recent overhauling. With the assistance of preformatted archives they can likewise create the total important statistical data points for the guardians and the board. Fundamentally, in advanced configuration instructors can protect their theme stuff like worksheets and activities, addresses diagrams, exercise plans, appraisal papers and assessments and so forth., with simpler amendment and refreshing, which could likewise be imparted to different educators. In reality, the multipurpose  apparatus for example a CPU, a compact console or a handheld g

Ethical Egosim and Sentiment: Examing Decision-Making in the Grey Area Essay

On the off chance that there were one specific moral hypothesis that would all around fit all circumstances, morals would be an open/shut case. In any case, that essentially isn’t how moral hypotheses work. While, some may have essentially more legitimacy than others on a size of widespread application, there are a few circumstances where relativism becomes an integral factor while translating which hypothesis best suits a given circumstance. The relativism alluded to here is of an individual sort. An individual is the aggregate of their encounters and activities. Also, regardless of whether an individual has a straight-pointing moral compass, these previous existence encounters, joined with their present circumstance, can weigh vigorously in choosing the profound quality of a choice when moving toward issues that lay in a hazy area. Take, for instance, the tale of an uneducated individual from an oppressed foundation, who’s just predictable possibility at bettering their life is exceling in a particular game they have a characteristic ability for. They have commit themselves to this game and have prepared energetically. In spite of the fact that they can put at a high position, they have always been unable to win a race that empowered them to make a name for them self and dispatch their vocation. They continue verging on winning, at the end of the day, consistently wind up missing the mark by an inch. Assume this individual would have been contending in a significant occasion, which whenever won, would yield a huge money prize, and would dispatch them into the spotlight through an underwriting manage a significant sportswear organization. Presently, envision that a games coach moves toward the competitor with an enticing suggestion. The mentor advises the competitor that he has another exhibition supplement that will drastically improve the athlete’s execution. The coach tells the competitor that the enhancement has been tried on creatures and has, up to this point, been demonstrated safe. The mentor educates the competitor that the substance isn't on the rundown of restricted execution improving substances that rivalries test for before a competitor participates in an occasion. The coach at that point tells the competitor, that all he needs is $5,000 of the rewards. In the event that the competitor wins, he’ll owe the mentor $5,000; on the off chance that he loses, he’ll owe nothing. While both James Rachael’s ‘Theory of Egoism and Moral Skepticism’, and David Hume’s ‘Theory of Moral Sentiment’ are pertinent to this situation, Hume’s hypothesis is, unequivocally, the most moral hypothesis of decision in application to this specific circumstance. There are a few issues that become possibly the most important factor when making moral decisions about this circumstance. In the first place, the competitor realizes that exhibition improving substances are restricted in rivalries. The way that this specific substance isn't yet prohibited, isn't confirmation of it’s agreeableness for use. Rather, it just shows that the substance is so new, it presently can't seem to be perceived and put on the rundown of prohibited substances. Given time, it will definitely be on that rundown. Consequently, the competitor realizes that taking the substance to give him a bit of leeway in winning would be looked downward on, and is faulty, in head. Second is the issue of individual condition. This specific athlete’s capacity to flourish is dependent upon his prosperity at becoming famous in his game. In the event that he neglects to do as such, he will never predictably get an advantage and accomplish budgetary security. The eventual fate of his life, most definitely, rely upon him winning this money prize and support contract. To him, these two things may have the effect between him having a money related springboard with which to better his circumstance, as opposed to being stuck in a multi-generational budgetary pattern of destitution. The use of James Rachel’s’ Theory of Egoism and Moral Skepticism to the previously mentioned situation, explicitly centers around the ‘ethical egoist’ part of Rachel’s contention. The moral braggart contends that individuals should act simply out of personal responsibility; that while people have the ‘capacity’ to settle on choices philanthropically, there is no explanation that we ‘should’ do as such. This thinking rearranges the dynamic for the competitor. Unmistakably, winning is to his greatest advantage. In this manner, taking the substance is the best choice. Be that as it may, all together for this hypothesis to succeed, the individual must hide their activities while urging others to act in an unexpected way. Basically, he should be a pretentious, two-faced, and manipulative liar. In the event that the world were loaded with individuals like this, we would manipulate each other into eradication. This is the place the hypothesis of the moral selfishness self-destructs with respect to being an all inclusive hypothesis. On the off chance that everybody acted exclusively with personal responsibility, society wouldn’t be manageable. There must be a type of rule set up with respect to paying special mind to each-other’s eventual benefits with the goal for society to work appropriately. David Hume’s Theory of â€Å"Moral Sentiment† accomplishes the parity of having the option to make moral decisions that are as philanthropic as could reasonably be expected, while as yet taking a gander at every choice dependent upon the situation before considering it moral or deceptive. Hume suggests the conversation starter of why one activity can be directly in certain conditions, yet wrong in others; while the demonstration itself is the equivalent in the two cases. It comes down to conclusion, or one’s individual sentiments about the conditions encompassing a demonstration. Indeed, mull over, the initially expressed situation concerning the competitor. Under Hume’s hypothesis, the moral choice would be whatever the individual felt was correct, if, however just if, those conditions made it ethically satisfactory. Take for example, this equivalent story, yet with a competitor who is from a wealthy family. In the event that he doesn’t become a competitor, he despite everything has the suitable alternative of going to school and seeking after another steady vocation that will give him a decent life. The competitor from the wealthy family has alternatives, and his future security isn't depended on being an effective competitor. Along these lines, in the event that he decided to take the enhancement in this situation, it would be an unscrupulous choice. In any case, when the situation is applied to the devastated competitor whose future strength is relied on his prosperity as a competitor, the choice to take the enhancement is not, at this point deceptive. It is, all things considered, in fact lawful to take for rivalries. Along these lines, he’s not in fact doing anything â€Å"wrong†. Neither the wealthy competitor, nor the ruined competitor would, in fact, be doing anything â€Å"wrong† by taking the substance. This is the place the hazy area becomes possibly the most important factor. We have an activity, that whenever submitted by a monetarily wealthy competitor would be viewed as childish and unsportsman-like. However, in the event that a similar demonstration were submitted by a devastated competitor, not many individuals could keep down sympathy and not have the option to cut him slack for his decision. This equivalent demonstration is currently one that’s esteemed worthy, in light of on a particular situation. It doesn’t imply that this an extreme right, in the conversation of â€Å"rights† and â€Å"wrongs†; just, that when talking about hazy area issues, the lesson of conclusion applies intensely in interpreting the â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrongful† nature of an activity. Taking everything into account, we can see that while James Rachel’s hypothesis of â€Å"ethical egoism† makes translating a decision on â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† straightforward, the demonstration of settling on decisions dependent on personal responsibility isn't manageable for society. With everything taken into account, interpreting the profound quality of a decision comes down to the specific conditions that inspire a passionate reaction. When taking a gander at issues fundamentally, there is no reality based proof that unmistakably characterizes directly from wrong in the activity. Nonetheless, due to our wistful side, we can legitimize certain activities that would some way or another be viewed as off-base. Along these lines, David Hume’s â€Å"Theory of Moral Sentiment† has much better outcomes when applied to this specific case

Student Persuasive Essay Samples - What You Need to Know!

Student Persuasive Essay Samples - What You Need to Know!Student persuasive essay samples are actually really good samples for students who are writing persuasive essays for college. Even if you are not in college, this list is still great material to have to use as a base. Of course, with the amount of things that you need to learn when it comes to persuasive essays, there is no reason why you can't use these tools as a base and expand on them from there.One thing to remember when learning to write a persuasive essay is that you do not need to be the best student to learn about persuasive writing. The resources available for writing persuasive essays make up a set of standards that all persuasive writers must follow. Of course, the most important standard of all is the student persuasive essay samples.The student persuasive essay samples are available in many different formats and forms. They are also available to be downloaded for offline usage. It is also easy to take a good deal of these persuasive essay samples and convert them into your own format for your own persuasive essay. That way, you can then make sure that they are the right format for you to use.For example, if you are writing about public speaking and how to prepare yourself for this experience, you could learn a few tips from the persuasive essay samples. As you may know, preparing yourself for a presentation is much different than preparing yourself for a class. When you prepare yourself for a presentation, you need to be prepared and be willing to push yourself so that you will be able to handle whatever is thrown at you.However, when you are writing your persuasive essay, you want to be able to bring some personality into it. You don't want to show your emotions because then you will come across as a cold person. Instead, you want to show that you are a passionate person who is dedicated to his or her craft.These persuasive essay samples are also great when you are trying to write something more personal and can be used as a basis for personal essays as well. For example, if you are writing about marriage, you might learn from some of the persuasive essay samples that you will need to be a little bit more creative when it comes to the wording and persuasive concepts involved. In other words, you want to be sure that you will be doing this right when it comes to writing persuasive essays.Using these persuasive essay samples and the other materials that are available for them is really helpful for the student. In fact, the student should always keep in mind that whatever he or she is writing needs to be written from their perspective and voice. You want to make sure that you are taking into account things that others might not see or remember from your experiences.No matter what topic you are writing a persuasive essay about, whether it is about a school project or a personal one, the student persuasive essay samples are definitely going to help. In fact, you should loo k online for more resources for writing persuasive essays. Using the resources is going to help you get you writing better essays without having to worry about grammar and other writing standards.

George Orwells 1984 - 1138 Words

George Orwell’s â€Å"1984† perfectly captures a potential dystopia that would occur to the human race if a totalitarian government was present. As a result of this, Orwell identifies the purpose of the novel: to warn people what could possibly happen if they were not careful. A totalitarian government is similar to a dictatorship and demands complete obedience. Orwell focused on what type of plot would be most beneficial, how the plot would impact the audience, and how the subplot builds on a conflict within the story. By using a progressive plot structure in the novel â€Å"1984†, Orwell creates an effective way of telling his story to the reader. In â€Å"1984† the plot is structured in a particular way to effectively tell the story to the reader. A progressive plot is when the events throughout the story are in order as they occur. This type of plot follows Freytag’s Pyramid; so it begins with the exposition, then the rising action, then the pea k of the story, or the climax, transpires, and lastly, the story comes to an end with a denouement. This plot structure is the one that George Orwell used in his book â€Å"1984†. A reader can ascertain that a book’s plot is progressive by seeing how the events happen throughout the novel. In â€Å"1984†, the novel starts out with the protagonist, Winston, and slowly the reader learns more about him, and his situation. â€Å"Winston kept his back turned to the telescreen. It was safer, though, as he well knew, even a back can be revealing† (6). This is oneShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984 , George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. The famous novel falls intoRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19842185 Words   |  9 PagesLiterary Analysis The author of the novel 1984, George Orwell, is a political critic. Therefore, he used very precise descriptions of situations and words to provide the reader a clear understanding of the entity he is criticizing. When Winston describes the destruction of past records to create new ones to Julia, he says: â€Å"Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book has been rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street and building has been renamed, every dateRead MoreThe Themes Of 1984 And George Orwells 19841237 Words   |  5 Pages In many ways, George Orwell used real problems in the world to write his novels. Orwell lived through many events that inspired some of the main topics in his book, 1984. In 1984, George Orwell illustrates what a totalitarian society would be like. At the time that he wrote this book, many citizens of England were afraid of their government having too much power over them. Orwell wrote 1984 to warn the public of what a pow erful government can lead to. Even currently, 1984 can be related to differentRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19842208 Words   |  9 PagesIn George Orwell’s 1984, the author utilizes Big Brother to showcase the immense power and influence the government has over its subordinates. The Party manipulates the people through inflicting fear, constant surveillance, and deprivation of knowledge, in order to oppress them from having incorrect ideas or behaviors that are not permitted in society. They are expected to live as respectful Party members, forcefully having to dedicate their lives to serving Big Brother. There are a plethora of charactersRead MoreThe 1984 Adaptation Of George Orwells 19842072 Words   |  9 PagesCensorship in 1984 In the 1984 adaptation of George Orwell’s classic, Nineteen Eighty-Four, the director, Michael Radford, plays on the ideas of censorship and control of all citizens. As one of the biggest themes that is presented in the film, the Inner Party makes it their mission to stop all citizens of â€Å"free thinking†. Citizens are not allowed to think poorly of the government, nor are they allowed to think impure thoughts. Those who try to condemn the government, and those that question theRead MoreGeorge Orwells 1984 Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Orwells 1984 What look on humanity and human nature, if any, can be seen through this book, 1984? 1984 examines a future under the rule of a totalitarian society. One of the unique notes about Orwells 1984, is theRead MoreJustice in George Orwells 19841293 Words   |  6 PagesJustice in 1984 The concept of justice is an important subject in George Orwell’s 1984. Justice is defined according to Plato as â€Å"the interest of the stronger†. Justice plays a big role in 1984’s society. Justice is understood differently by the protagonists of the text than how it is represented by the societies in which they live. In the novel 1984 by Orwell, an extremely controlling totalitarian government called The Party, rules the society. They have introduced Telescreens which monitorRead MoreTotalitarianism In George Orwells 19841028 Words   |  5 PagesTotalitarianism Used in 1984 A dystopia is a society which is characterized by misery, oppression, and unhappiness. Likewise, a totalitarian government neither allow parties to have different opinions nor freedom with a centralized government, therefore totalitarianism and dystopian societies are similar. In 1984, written by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dictator who gives the Oceanian population no personal freedoms and strictly dominates all of the country for their own selfish ways. Unlike OceaniaRead MoreSymbolism In George Orwells 19841349 Words   |  6 Pages Symbolism in 1984 Literary concepts are often used in books to make the reading experience more enjoyable. In George Orwell’s 1984, Orwell uses a key literary element, symbolism, to do this. Orwell does this in a unique way. He makes the reader want to think one way, when the reality is far different. This causes the reader to be surprised when the truth of the matter is revealed. He is able to do this by having certain objects represent one thing, and then later reveal it is something far differentRead MoreSurveillance In George Orwells 19841219 Words   |  5 PagesSurveillance, or a close watch kept over someone or something for a specific purpose, features prominently in George Orwell’s dystopian novel 1984. The book follows Winston Smith, a middle-aged man who lives in the futuristic society of Oceania, where the government of the Party, under the leadership of Big Brother, maintains strict control of the people and prevents free thought through propaganda, censorship, and surveil lance. Winston tries to think freely while evading detection and succeeds for

Compare and Contrast the Rise and Fall of Mesopotamia and...

In this project I plan on exploring the contrasts and comparisons between the rise of Mesopotamia and Egypt. I chose this particular question because during my junior year I took and AP World History class in which we of course studied the worlds history. One on my favorite things that we studied in that class was ancient Empires. Mr. Herman, my AP teacher during that time, went through the Mesopotamian and Egyptian Empires rather too quickly for my tastes. I felt as though there were a lot of things that I missed and would have loved to study. So during my preparations for the AP exams I wrote a brief essay on comparing and contrasting the rise and fall of the Egyptian and Mesopotamian Empire. I enjoyed writing this essay and was quite interested in the topic. Despite the fact this didn’t make up much of the exam I later decided that this would be my capstone topic backup in case I dont like the one I came up with in the future. And like I predicted I did not like my previous topic and chose to continue this. The reason I thought to do this for my capstone after my other idea failed was because I found that people would get a lot more out of this. We go to an arts school and frankly unless something has to do with the history of our art forms people don’t really pay that much attention to history, unless they plan to become an anthropologist. I found that with this I can educate my classmates on the history of those who came before us and then apply it to current dayShow MoreRelatedThe Lost History Of Christianity By Philip Jenkins954 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Christianity†, author Philip Jenkins attempts to convey the message that there are many aspects of Christianity that are unknown to Christian followers today. Jenkins start by implying that Christianity essentially starts in Northern Mesopotamia. Jenkins then traces the history of Christianity from Africa to the Arab world to the heart of Asia, in what he consider to be the â⠂¬Å"golden age† of Christianity. He informs the readers of the stories of churches and movements that thrived over aRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 PagesEast? EARLY INDIAN CIVILIZATION page 16 WHAT INFLUENCES did the first Indus valley civilization have on later Indian religious and social practices? EARLY CHINESE CIVILIZATION page 23 WHY DID large territorial states arise in ancient China? THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION IN THE AMERICAS page 27 HOW DID agriculture influence the development of civilizations in Mesoamerica? 1 he earliest humans lived by hunting, fishing, and collecting wild plants. Around 10,000 years ago, they learned to cultivateRead MoreSalahudin Ayubi / Muhammad Al-Fateh8251 Words   |  34 PagesINTRODUCTION SALAHUDIN AYUBI Salahudin Ayubi, better known in the Western world as Saladin, was a Kurdish Muslim, who became the first Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. He led Islamic opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, he ruled over Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, and Yemen. He led the Muslims against the Crusaders and eventually recaptured Palestine from the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem after his victory in the Battle of Hattin. AsRead MoreWorld History AP8768 Words   |  36 Pagespolitical organization and values? †¢ The Persians built an imperial political system that drew upon previous Mesopotamian polities, including the Babylonian and Assyrian empires. The Persian Empire was far larger than its predecessors, stretching from Egypt to India, and ruled over some 35 million subjects. †¢ The Persian system was centered on an elaborate cult of kingship in which the emperor was secluded in royal magnificence and was approachable only through an elaborate ritual. †¢ Persian emperorsRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesroutinization of Rastafari primarily because they have uncritically accepted the idea that the development of formal organizational structures (whether rational-legal or traditional) is the only indicator of the routinization of new movements. In contrast, this interpretive study unequivocally asserts the routinization of the movement. Of course the use of Webers theory of routinization is somewhat problematic, because Rastafari lacks the institutional structures that Weber posits as the evidence

Hitchcocks Manipulation of the Audiences Point of View...

Hitchcocks Manipulation of the Audiences Point of View in the Shower Scene in Psycho Hitchcock has a unique style when it comes to films and manipulation of the audience. He likes to give the audience several types of view that in turn give us an incite into the characters feelings and emotions. He likes to change the lighting, camera angle and mise-en-scene to manipulate he viewers point of view. He is a talented director with unique ability to twist the audiences opinions and play on emotions with the greatest of ease. In the shower scene in Psycho, The first shot he chooses to give us is of a voyeuristic one. He show us Norman Bates moving a picture aside so that he can peep into the room†¦show more content†¦The camera keeps a distance from Norman even when Norman reaches the house. As he moves to sit at the dining room table, the camera is positioned at the front door so there is the space of the corridor between the audience and Norman. This manipulates the audience making us feel sorry for him and also the fact his facial expression makes him seem very lonely and distant. In almost al of the scenes we see with Norman his face is in the shadows and this scene is no exception all the while we see normal he is surrounded by a dark gloom that makes him seem almost inhuman. We then cut back to Marion turning on the shower in the motel room. The next shot is of the showerhead with a jet of water spraying into the bath. Marion takes off her robe and gets into the shower. We only see Marion in the shower from the collarbone upwards ad it would be pushing TV too far if they were to show anymore. It leaves the audience with a feeling of curiosity. The slight glimpse of skin lets the audiences imagination put the rest of the picture together. The camera at this point is pointing downwards on Marion. This makes the audience feel more dominant towards the actress. It also connotes Marion to be vulnerable and submissive. When we see her start to washShow MoreRelatedImpact of Sound Upon a Films Thematic Premise2964 Words   |  12 PagesWhen exploring the significance of sound upon a films thematic concept, one must identify the fundamental components of the individual film score and its relationship to the development of the plot. Sound has been a dominant f eature of the audiences cinematic experience from early in the art forms history. Initially existing as a simple piano score that was used to assist in the realisation of certain on-screen emotions, the use of sound has been greatly developed and is now considered as one

How to Read a Book free essay sample

HOW TO READ A BOOK Mortimer J. Adler Charles Van Doren One reader is better than another in proportion as he is capable of a greater range of activity in reading and exerts more effort. He is better if he demands more of himself and of the text before him. If you remember what an author says, you have learned something from reading him. If what he says is true, you have even learned something about the world. But whether it is a fact about the book or a fact about the world that you have learned, you have gained nothing but information if you have exercised only your memory. You have not been enlightened. Enlightenment is achieved only when, in addition to knowing what an author says, you know what he means and why he says it. First level of Reading: Elementary Reading Second level of Reading: Inspectional Reading Give us an overall idea of what the book is about. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Read a Book or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We should know whether the book contains matter what you still want to dig out, or whether it deserves no more of our time and attention. The rule to tackle a difficult book: In tackling a difficult book for the first time, read it through without even stopping to look up for ponder the things you do not understand right away. We will have a much better chance of understanding it on a second reading, but that requires you to have read the book through at least one. A good speed in reading should enable you to vary your rate of reading in accordance with the nature and complexity of the material. There is no single right speed at which you should read; the ability to read at various speeds and to know when each speed is appropriate is the ideal. How to be A Demanding Reader: The Essence of Active Reading: The Four Basic Questions a reader asks Ask questions while you read-questions that you yourself must try to answer in the course of reading. 1. What is the book about as a whole? You must try to discover the leading theme of the book, and how the author develops this theme in an orderly way by subdividing it into its essential subordinate themes or topics. 2. What is being said in detail, and how? You must try to discover the main ideas, assertions, and arguments that constitute the author’s particular message. . Is the book true, in whole or part? You cannot answer this question until you have answered the first two. You have to know what is being said before you can decide whether it is true or not. When you understand a book, however, you are obligated, if you are reading seriously, to make up your own mind. Knowing the author’s mind is not enough. 4. What of it? If the book has given you information, you must ask about its significance . Why does the author think it is important to know these things? Is it important to you to know them? And if the book has not only informed you, but also enlightened you, it is necessary to seek further enlightenment by asking what else follows, what is further implied or suggested. How to Make a Book Your Own: Why is marking a book indispensable to reading it? First, it keeps you awake-not merely conscious, but wide awake. Second, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. Third, writing your reactions down helps you to remember the thoughts of the author. Reading a book should be a conversation between you and the author. Marking a book is literally an expression of your differences or your agreements with the author. Suggestions of marking a book: 1. Underlining – of major points, of important or forceful statements. 2. Vertical lines at the margin – to emphasize a statement already underlined or to point to a passage too long to be underlined. 3. Star, asterisk, or other doodad at the margin – to emphasize the ten or dozen most important statements or passages in the book. 4. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page – to record questions and perhaps answers which a passage raises in your mind, to reduce a complicated discussion to a simple statement. The endpapers at the back of the book can be used to make a personal index of the author’s points in the order of their appearance. 5. After finishing the book and making your personal index on the back endpapers, turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page or point by point (you have already done that at the back), but as an integrated structure. That outline will be the measure of your understanding of the work. It will express your intellectual ownership of the book. Third level of Reading: Analytical Reading Analytical reading is thorough reading, complete reading, or good reading. The analytical reader must ask many, and organize, these questions. Fourth level of Reading: Syntopical Reading It is the most complex and systematic type of reading of all. When reading syntopically, the reader reads many books, not just one, and places them in relation to one another and to a subject about which they all revolve.

Research Tools and Methodology an Example by

Research Tools and Methodology Introduction Researchers do not simply observe a phenomenon or an issue and then out of thin air conjure wild ideas and inferences. Rather the process of research is a deliberate and careful observation, quantification, and analysis of data. In doing this process, the researcher draws upon several research tools to help him pursue his research project and push through to its conclusion. The following tools can assist a researcher in analyzing the data he will collect and enable him to merge them together into a coherent whole through the framework of the study that he established. These tools have been arranged according to the order of their usefulness in relation to the dissertation. Need essay sample on "Research Tools and Methodology" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The Library and Its Resources The library is a very important resource for the researcher. This is the first stop consulted by this researcher to understand the research topic. Through a careful and systematic searching of books and other materials, the dissertations introduction, review of literature and framework will be established. Throughout history, people who became curious over the issues and phenomena in their societies have written down their ideas. For any serious writer who has already identified the topic that he wants to investigate, the library is the place where the researcher can check what has been written about the topic and how other researchers approached the research problem (Mann, 1998). In addition to that, he will learn the conflicting views and the prevailing issues in the research topic he has chosen. In the library, the most important resources are the books that provide both general and specific information about the topic. Secondly, there are journals and periodicals that provide information about the recent undertakings in the field of study. By the time that this researcher finished studying what has been written in the library, he shall have been able to understand the major issues and point of views regarding the topic and would know how he can contribute to the better understanding of the phenomenon under study (Mann, 1998). Techniques of Measurement As mentioned earlier, research involves careful observation and measurement. Hence, there should be good techniques for the measurement of these observations, lest the research degenerate into guesswork and half-baked concepts and ideas. There are two broad categories of measuring observable phenomena: quantitative and qualitative techniques. Quantitative techniques usually target a large number of sample to have breadth while qualitative tends to delve more deeply into the phenomenon being considered (Creswell, 2003). One of the foremost quantitative analysis methods is the use of Statistics. These may be construed in either of two ways. Statistics make use of surveys or the researcher may also use published statistics. These statistics abound based from the studies conducted by governments and other private entities conducting research all over the world. As much as possible, it is best to use primary data so that the findings would be fresh and would serve as a kind of validation of previous research conducted on the same issue (Argyrous, et. al., 2005). The Computer and Various Software The next tool that will be used for the dissertation is the computer. Prior to the coming of the computer, people had to write either in longhand or by typing the rickety keys of the typewriter. Thankfully, the computer has made things easier. Hence, researchers are able to type and key in their ideas and outputs faster. In this generation, word processing has become very efficient and effective. Through the computer, there is now an easier way to input data and retrieve them readily. Because of the advent of the Internet, it has also become easier to gather information. E-mails, websites and other facilities of information technology has become easier to gather information and data (Dyke, Harding, & Lajeunesse, 2006). An example of this has been used by Bliven, Kaufman, & Spertus (2001) in analyzing health-related quality of life. Statistical analysis will be conducted using computer software. The Human Mind and Language The human mind and facility of language is not the last set of tools to be used by the researcher. Rather, they need to be used all throughout the study. The human mind is a great tool for processing information and analyzing the relationship between various factors and variables in the immediate environment of the researcher. Even at the face-value of observations, the human mind can form various connections, inferences, and assumptions about certain things. When aided by great tools and techniques, the human mind is a great tool to understand phenomena and contribute to knowledge. This can be further enhanced by facility in language. Because the researcher would have to read tons of literature, studies and other materials relevant to the research, mastery and skillful use and understanding of language is imperative in conducting research. Furthermore, the researcher would have to deal with language in dealing with people and gathering datasurvey questionnaires, content analysis and other types of measurement. There will be nuances and shades of meaning in these responses and data gathered. Facility with language is therefore a great help in detecting these nuances and understanding the data. These tools for research are indispensable for the researcher. The methodology for the dissertation will use all of these facilities with the exception perhaps of statistics as the dissertation will use a more qualitative approach to the study. All of these tools, if used effectively and discriminately, will contribute to a better result for the dissertation. Research Tools and Methodology These research tools enable the researcher to collect and handle the information that gathered. These tools help the researcher collect these data and present them in a format that would prepare them for analysis. The library, the computer and various software, as well as the techniques of measurement enable the researcher to handle and manipulate data. In addition, these tools also assist the researcher in the process of analyzing the data. Statistics software, data entry, and databases: all make the job of the researcher more manageable. However, such tools cannot help the researcher integrate these data into a coherent whole towards an answer to the research question. Data, together with the analyses derived from them, are still disconnected and cannot answer the questions posed by the research study. This is where methodology comes in. Methodology specifies the manner of the collection, handling and analysis of data. But more than that, the methodology enables the researcher to c onnect these data together. It helps the researcher identify relationships and trends among these data. In simplified language, the research tools are like the gardeners tools to help prepare the soil and the plants. But the methodology specifies the designthe placement of the plants and other ornamental items. In the same way, the researcher uses research tools Reference Argyrous, G. (2005). Statistics for Research: With a Guide to SPSS. London: Sage Publications. Bliven, B. D., Kaufman, S. E., & Spertus, J. A. (2001). Electronic Collection of Health-Related Quality of Life Data: Validity, Time Benefits, and Patient Preference. Quality of Life Research, 10 (1), 15-21. Creswell, D. J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: Sage Publications. Dyke, M., Harding, A., & Lajeunesse, S. (2006) Digital Observation of Teaching Practice. In AERA 2006 Annual Meeting: Conference of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, USA, 7-11 Apr 2006..

The American Immigration Law Foundation

The American Immigration Law Foundation Free Online Research Papers The reason why I choice the NGO to be The American Immigration Law Foundation that was established in 1987.It is an IRS- designated, nonprofit, educational, charitable organization dedicated to increase public understanding of Immigration law and policy and the immigration to American society. It works to expand the knowledge of public service and excellence while clarifying immigration law. This NGO relies on tax deductible voluntary donations and grants to support our mission. One of the supporting groups is the Network for Good. This group focuses on anti-immigrant groups that close the American doors to future immigrants, making the point that America is a nation of immigrants. They are working closely with leading immigration experts through the country and with Congress and the Administration to help change our immigration system so that it can be more proactive to the needs of our economy and society. They have four main program centers: The legal action center it was create d in 1990 to promote fundamental fairness for immigrants, their families and their employers. They do work among the Immigration law advocates and it’s run by immigration practitioners and litigators. They have filed a suit against the INS and also hold briefings in the federal courts. The Immigration Policy Center dedicated to research and analysis about the contributions made to America by immigrants, The Public Education Program develops resources for teachers and students in the classroom who are exploring our nations immigrant heritage; and The Exchange Visitor Program allows small to midsize businesses to understand and participate in the global economy, training exchanges, designated by the U.S. State Department. Section 2: Introduction of Issue One major issue that keeps increasing is that for almost a decade now, there has been an increase in the number of deaths each year among unauthorized border-crossers in the deserts and mountains of southern Arizona. The official statistics compiled by the U.S. Border Patrol undercount the actual number of deaths in Arizona and elsewhere along the U.S.-Mexico border. But various academic and government studies estimate that the bodies of between 2,000 and 3,000 men, women, and children have been found along the entire southwest border since 1995, including at least 1,000 that end up in the hospital of southern Arizona. Experts, including the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), now explain this crisis as a direct consequence of U.S. immigration-control policies instituted in the mid- 1990’s. The results of the BMI study, which are confirmed by comparable research, show that there has been a dramatic increase in the number of UBC recovered bodies in the Tucson Sector from 1990 to 2005, thereby creating a major public health and humanitarian crisis in the deserts of Arizona. Instead of controlling migration we are seeing a growing human rights crisis which raises questions of equality, equity, fairness and justice in a globalized world. Studies show that immigrants pay more in taxes than what they cost in medical expenses and in education. Two different categories of debate exist. People say that they take advantage of welfare and public services, Other’s state that they are the ones filling the gaps in the labor market pertaining to the low skilled sector. My NGO explores these issues; we introduce policies and help immigrants gain the experience they need to make a better home when they go back to their country. We also help by teaching about immigrants to US citizens so they can learn and help make a difference, to lower the death of these people who are just seeking a better life. Some US citizens are against immigrants rights. In recent years, there has been controversy over the efforts of some banks to offer financial services to individuals without Social Security numbers, many whom are undocumented immigrants. More and more banks now allow people to open checking and savings accounts and to apply for credit cards and home mortgages using an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number issued by the Internal Revenue Service or an identification card issued by a foreign consulate in the United States, The public viewed it as a giveaway to undocumented immigrants and viewed the mortgage program as criminal, stating they are applauding the undocumented migration. Section 3: Position statement The important fact that we seem to forget is that we are all human beings and that as human beings, we have rights. Yet we seem to be ignoring those rights. This is a very important issue that is going to be a great debate in the upcoming elections. If we get together to put The American Immigration Foundation: policy to work I believe we have a chance to save many lives and give the opportunity of a better live to others who want to live in a place where they can make a better life for them selves an they children. The American Immigration Foundation proposes that we give the opportunity to the immigrants who are already in the U.S to apply for a visa and have it renewed one time until they have achieved the years they need to become a permanent US citizen. This would allow immigrants to receive the same treatment and opportunities the US citizens now hold. This could be done with the condition that we keep track of their behaviors and contributions to society. If they are productive and can maintain a healthy living style, we would grant them US citizenship and allow them to go back to their home town to expand their knowledge and help to eliminate poverty. The people who are not in the United States should also be granted the opportunity to come to the U.S with the condition that they are going to be there to make a difference and come back to their home land with the opportunity to help out and make a difference. If this policy is put into practice it will help more people expand their educ ation and allow them to make a difference to eliminate the migration caused by their economic status. The American Immigration Law foundation has many programs that already put this into practice. We take professional, educated people or people who want to be educated, give them the opportunity to learn how the companies in the us work and take the knowledge they learn back to there home town. There they can help Eliminate poverty. We wish we could do more and that’s where this policy comes into place. Currently we mainly work with Hispanics, but we open our arms to all immigrants who qualify for our exchange program, and hope that tomorrow we can expand the criteria for the exchange program. Our accomplishments for the ending year of 2002 include publication of four major reports which was quoted in the Wall Street Journal. Fought Justice Department usage in deportation procedure and sponsored over 200n international trainees as part of an exchange visitor program. And these are some of many accomplishments and I know that if this policy is put to practice we will be able to accomplish a lot more. Bibliography Bellamy, C (2007) Serving the Under Served Banking for Undocumented Immigrants. Retrieved on 3/20/2007 from www.ailf.org/ipc/2007 .shtml. Tienda, M (2006).Unraveling a public health enigma. Why do immigrants experience superior prenatal health outcomes? (335-388) Retrieved on 3/20/2007. Duarte, M (1990). The Funnel Effect and Recovered Bodies of Unauthorized Migrants. Binational Immigration (1-97) retrieved on 3/21/2007. Bacon,D(2007) Colecion de Derechos Humanos. The Real Political purpose of Ice raids, retrieved on 3/20/2007 from www.derechoshumanosaz.net/ Sapkota,E(2006).Unauthorized border crossing and immigration death. Arizona N. Mexico, and El Paso Texas, (2002-2003) retrieved on 3/32/2007 from American Journal of Public Heatlth96 (1-7). Stangold, J(2001)Rights Groups urge change in border policy, â€Å" The New York Times (5/26/2007)retrieved on 3/20/2007 Neto,B(2006) CRS report for congress border security: Barnes along the U.S International Border(1-45) retrieved 3/16.2007 from spotlight CRS web. Schneider, W( 2006). Political Pulse- Spotlight on Center Stage. National Journal Group, Inc. Retrieved November 8, 2006. (http://nationaljournal.com.floyd.lib.umn.edu/pubs/nj/extra/search.htm) Massey,D(2005) Five Myth About Immigration: Common Misconceptions underlying U.S Border-enforcement Policy. Immigration Policy Focus. retrieved Presentation migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=136 Research Papers on The American Immigration Law FoundationThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesStandardized TestingThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseTwilight of the UAWEffects of Television Violence on Children

Position Paper on Emergency Contraception Research

Position on Emergency Contraception - Research Paper Example Emergency contraceptive pills should be taken immediately after unprotected sexual intercourse or within a time period of 72 hours. These pills contain both estrogen and progestin. The minipills are birth control pills that only constitute of progestin (Trussell et al 1997). â€Å"When started within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse, a combination of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel is at least 75% effective against pregnancy.† (Glasier 1997 p.1058). Emergency contraception methods should be made available to women of all ages as it is an effective method of preventing unintended pregnancy. Especially availability of emergency contraception to young women of child-bearing ages is important in controlling pregnancy after unprotected sex. The consequences of unintended pregnancy are quite serious and are a cause of over-bearing burdens on the women and their surrounding families. This necessitates the importance and significance of emergency contraception in prevention of unwanted pregnancy. However, it is also crucial that enough information regarding its adverse effects, mode of action, uses and primary purposes should be provided to the general public. Between 1996 and 2002 the percentage of women who had awareness about emergency contraception and the percentage of women who had ever used emergency contraception increased. ... It has been observed that awareness about the emergency contraception is very inadequate amongst the women and such short-comings should be overcome by the health providing centers and professionals. Not only should emergency contraception remain available to women of all childbearing ages, information should be made available to the public to educate all women about the use, purpose, potential side effects and the availability of emergency contraception. View 1: Pro Emergency Contraception Young women should be educated on all of their options when it comes to contraception. They should be aware of emergency contraception methods and complete knowledge about these methods should be made available to them. In certain situations such as rape or birth control failure, knowledge about emergency contraception becomes particularly important in preventing unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. It has been observed through national surveys and health care surveys that public knowledge about eme rgency contraception is quite limited. A random survey of 1000 American women and 1002 men who were 18 years and above was conducted in 1994. It was estimated that Americans were not well informed about the emergency contraception methods. Only 1% had actually used the emergency contraceptive pills and 55% had heard of the pills. It was concluded that the aspects of availability and uses of emergency contraceptive pills should be made clear to the public and enhanced knowledge should be provided. Health care providers could play an important role as the general public relies on them for health information and awareness (Delbanco, Mauldon & Smith 1997). Unintended pregnancies can occur due to several causes and

Holding up General Motors Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Holding up General Motors - Literature review Example According to the study findings  the term transactional cost is essential in the effective development of a theoretical framework, upon which is based the prediction of specific economic tasks, as performed by firm-entities. This is in addition to when such economic tasks would also be performed within the prevailing market arena. Critically, this term was essential during his discussion of the ‘costs of utilizing the price mechanism’ in his paper – The Nature of the Firm. He further developed this concept in his later seminal work – The Problem of Social Cost  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ upon which the term referred to the ‘accrued costs of prevailing market transactions.This paper highlights that  Oliver E. Williamson was to greatly popularise the term, through his work – Transaction Cost Economics – that has fundamentally aided in the explanation of a variety of organizational behaviours in the contemporary era. This is founded on the notion of no t only regarding ‘transactions’ as pertaining to ‘buying and selling’, but also other pertinent interactions i.e. informal gift exchanges and daily emotional transactions etc. Further contribution is by Steven Cheung who conceivably regards transaction costs as pertaining to any cost expenditures, which arise because of the existence of organizational-entities or institutions.  Williamson differentiates in his work – The Mechanisms of Governance (1996) –the aspect of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) from the then dominant ‘neoclassic micro-economics.

Abercrombie & Fitch vs Armani Essay Example for Free

Abercrombie Fitch vs Armani Essay ‘’Fierce,’’ ‘’work it,’’ ‘’bespoke,’’ ‘’black,’’, ‘’covert couture,’’ ‘’edgy,’’ ‘’fashion forward,’’ ‘’aspirational,’’ ‘’faux pas,’’ ‘’so last season,’’ ‘’glamourista,’’ ‘’retro-futurism,’’: these are some of the words most familiar to fashionistas around the world. Milan, Paris, New York City, London, and Tokyo: these are the cities to be in if you want to know what each designer is preparing for next season, places to be if you want the best and new collection for your clothes. Nowadays, designers know not only that they need the newest and finest clothes but also the psychological appeal that will make the consumer want to buy their clothes. Abercrombie Fitch and Armani both employ the same type of models, but Armani the one that appeals to more conservative and upscale customers is more effective. The designers use the same type of models in their ads. They employ typical young models, athletic, handsome, charming, radiant, almost angelic. They know how to target their audience and appeal to their emotions because most of the consumers want to look like the models in their advertisements. The models that they put in the ads are those who the everyday consumer doesn’t resemble. The designer implies that buying the product will make the consumer look like the model. Ultimately, both designers appeal to a certain type of consumer and demographics according to their style of clothing design. Less clothes and more revealing is what Abercrombie Fitch commercializes and advertises. In New York, their store has semi-naked models greeting customers. Some of the models might only he wearing jeans, and, in other cases, they might be walking around in their underwear. See more: Homelessness as a social problem Essay Their target audience is the guy next door outgoing, fun, young, athletic, casual, and, most of all, nice-looking. In this particular ad, Abercrombie and Fitch use black and white contrast. The scene gives the illusion of how the costumer would feel like in paradise, and where everything is laid back and where there are no problems. Their models are not wearing shirts, and the scene is casual contrast. The scene sends the consumer into the outdoors, in the spring, and where the fun is endless, priceless, and where the perfect place to be is and all of your wild dreams come true. Couture and sophistication brands Armani. Classic and cultivated is how they advertise and commercialize. When consumers hear this brand, they automatically think of blase, refined, elegant, luxury, and conservative. Their target audience is upper class with refined taste, a working man who wants to feel important and cultivated, the class of customers who are not only going to spend money but also know the quality of the product. In this ad, the designer picked an upscale place to shoot and the background is mainly black.. The ad was shot in black and white but the consumer still can distinguish the color of the model’s clothes and bag. The ad also evokes a fine of classic film and elegance, and lures the consumer into an era of where wealth and refined is everything. The ad transports the consumer into a fantasy dream of how he would look with those clothes on and what kind of life style you can have. Both Abercrombie Fitch and Armani hire a specific type models, the models have to be over 6 ft tall, slimmed and tone, perfect cheek bones, blond and black hair, porcelain face, and almost like a creature send from heaven. However, they differ in how they promote their product. One believes semi-naked models are more marketable while the other goes for the extravagance and exquisiteness. Abercrombie Fitch and Armani are known worldwide. Their type of advertisement works because they appeal to different audiences. Abercrombie Fitch pushes the envelope in the sexuality and homoeroticism. Armani stays traditional and conservative and doesn’t push the envelope in sexuality. Their product has a tremendous impact in our society, dictating class and taste in clothes, imagine of success, income, and whether or not the consumer fashionista. These two particular brands have an impact on my life because I have worn both designer clothes, and Armani is my favorite designer. Even if the consumer didn’t know who Armani was or what is sells, just by looking at this ad, it captivates the consumer with its style of model, clothes, accessory, and allure of black and white film that puts the consumer into this trance of what their life would be like and how they would look like if they owned Armani clothes.

Martin Eden :: essays papers

Martin Eden Jack London, prestigious author of Martin Eden writes his opinions into his work. Aspects of different societies are prevalent throughout his work and the class struggle between different classes of characters is apparent in his writing. Although not an autobiography much of his writing can appear to include his personal views on life. Martin Eden, the protagonist created by London begins as a petty seaman works his his way to the upper class of society. Through self-determination and self-education he is able to become a member of the bourgeois. Writers with styles similar to London in that they all write in the same style in that shows the struggle of the poor and their climb to the upper class only to see that it reveals a faux ideal. Alice Hoffman author of Here On Earth appears to hold many of the same beliefs as Martin which are seen throughout her novel. Martin Eden was forced to make his own living. Eden was never given anything and had to work to gain everything he wanted. Everyday struggles included finding the simple necessities of food and shelter. As a poor sailor, Eden looked around and saw the ideals of the bourgeois. Through the eyes of Eden the Bourgeois were the educated, wealthy, and were what Martin desired to become. He dreams of becoming educated and belonging to the upper class; ultimately he finds one small connection that opens up a new world to the once struggling seaman. Although later disproved, his first impressions of this class were seen from an outsider^s view as perfect. ^Here was intellectual life, he thought, and here was beauty, warm and wonderful as he had never dreamed it could be.^ (p. 40) Martin comes into contact with a family that introduces him to this new world. The Morse family was all Martin dreamed of, he viewed them, as them part of a perfect society and Ruth was the focal point of it.! Ruth was heavenly like a flower; her culture and sophistication stimulated him. Introduction to this new class surprised Martin. The library, a new idea to him, becomes his new haven. Although he lacked both the time and money necessary for a traditional education between sailing he began his way to self-education. In the beginning Martin was separated from Ruth because of their class difference, but as this yearning for education developed he and Ruth become involved. ^He wasn^t of their tribe, and he couldn^t talk their lingo was the way he put it to himself. He couldn^t fake being their kind.^ (p. 51) Although he wasn^t born any with any of these ^privileges^ he made it his business

Collaboration To Prevent Zoonotic Disease Health And Social Care Essay

In 1899 Sir Patrick Manson wrote â€Å" aˆÂ ¦that the lower animate beings, particularly. . . those that are closely associated with adult male, play an of import portion in the transmittal of human disease is now merely going to be appreciated. . . for one time in a manner, scientific discipline is immensely in progress of pattern. Our sanitarians and the public do non to the full recognize all that the community of involvement, as respects disease sources, of adult male and animal agencies in the spread of disease. At all events if they do understand it they surely do non move as if they appreciated it. † Since so, research workers have discovered a scope of agencies by which assorted diseases may be transferred from animate beings to people. Besides direct animate being contact ( consumption, animate being bites, diseased carnal handling ) these include direct or indirect exposure to septic tissues, piss, spit, secernments or fecal matters through tegument or mucose me mbranes, inspiration of contaminated aerosols or dust, bites from arthropod vectors, and research lab accidents ( Baptiste et al, 2005 ; Dabritz and Conrad, 2010 ) . Bender and Minicucci ( 2007 ) modified the 1959 World Health Organisation definition of zoonotic diseases to be â€Å" Those diseases and infections that are of course transmitted between craniate animate beings and adult male, with the animate beings functioning as the reservoir where a pathogen lives or persists and multiplies. † Despite this possible for disease transportation, it is estimated that 63 % of families ain at least one pet ( McNicholas et al, 2005 ) . The bond between worlds and animate beings has been recognized for many old ages, and favored ownership has been associated with psychological, emotional and physical benefits. Surveies have identified stress decrease, decreased feelings of depression and disaffection, reduced cardiovascular disease, higher endurance from myocardial infarctions, reduced hazard of asthma and allergic coryza as advantages of having comrade animate beings ( Friedmann et al, 1980 ; Anderson et Al, 1992 ; Spencer, 1992b ; Patronek and Glickman, 1993 ; Beck and Meyers, 1996 ; Villar et Al, 1998 ; Siegel et Al, 1999 ; McNicholas et Al, 2005 ) . Unfortunately, the zoonotic transmittal of infective diseases amongst immunocompromised persons and their pets is frequently overlooked, ignored or over overdone. While possible zoonotic pathogens of concern to immunocompromised in dividuals include Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp. , Salmonella spp. , Campylobacter spp. , Giardia lamblia, Rhodococcus equi, Bartonella spp. , Mycobacterium marinum, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Chlamydia psittaci, and zoophilic dermatophytes, appropriate hygiene and instruction can dramatically cut down the hazards ( Trevejo et al, 2005 ) . With the exclusion of Bartonella henselae ( cat abrasion disease ) and zoophilic dermatophytes, the predating infections in worlds are more normally acquired from beginnings other than pets, and the infective disease hazard from having pets is considered low even amongst immunocompromised persons ( Spencer, 1992a ; Jones et Al, 1999 ; Robertson et Al, 2000 ; Mani and Maguire, 2009 ) . However, HIV-infected and immunosuppressed individuals may still be advised non to ain pets, or to dispose of their comrade animate beings. Since people are more likely to hold their Canis familiariss and cats vaccinated against hydrophobias than to hold the ir kids vaccinated against grippe ( Rock and Lail, 2009 ) , fear that they may lose their pets can take sick persons to wholly avoid intervention. Therefore, concern for the wellness and public assistance of pets can supply a strategic gap for conveying information sing human wellness and health by health care professionals. Given that human medical specialty does non by and large explore the function of animate beings in the transmittal of zoonotic agents, and veterinary medical specialty does non pull off the clinical facets of human disease, zoonotic disease bar amongst immunocompromised individuals requires engagement of both doctors and veterinaries.Immunocompromised PersonsWhen sing the immunocompromised as a vulnerable population, there is a broad assortment of root causes for immune map decrease amongst the most immunosuppressed groups. The cardinal similarity between them all is that they are more susceptible to serious unwellnesss from infections associated with pathogens from animate beings, insects, nutrient and H2O. This is due to impaired immune system map which consequences in a decreased ability to battle the resulting infections. Primary or inborn immunodeficiencies are caused by familial or innate upsets, B- and T-cell lacks, and defects in unconditioned unsusceptibility, while acquired immunodeficiencies include the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) , impaired unsusceptibility from chemotherapy or radiation, splenectomy, diseases of bone marrow, and protein-calorie malnutrition ( Abbas et al, 2009 ) . Immunosuppressive therapy for grafts of bone marrow, haematopoietic root cells, and solid variety meats enhances the hurtful effects of underlying unwellness or organ failure. Malignancy, diabetes mellitus, Cushing's syndrome, gestation, hypogammaglobulinemia, extremes of age, alcohol addiction, and asplenia besides impair host unsusceptibility to changing grades by impacting endocrine and immune cell degrees, reactions and sensit ivenesss ( Abbas et al, 2009 ) . Therefore, it is of import to acknowledge that immunocompromisation is a far making term which includes those enduring from HIV/AIDS, pregnant adult females, babies younger than 1 twelvemonth, people older than 65 old ages of age, people taking immunosuppressive medicines ( such as transplant organ receivers ) , people having chemotherapeutic agents, and people enduring from diabetes, nephritic failure, malnutrition, liver cirrhosis, or assorted other immunosuppressive diseases or conditions. A conservative estimation is that about 20 % of the United States population is considered immunocompromised ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ) , and there is no ground to surmise that this is non the same in Canada. This figure is expected to increase as the overall population ages, and as malignant neoplastic disease and HIV/AIDS therapies improve taking patients to hold longer endurance rates ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ) .Preventing Zoonotic Disease Transmission in Immunocompromised PopulationsThere are of import factors that immunocompromised individuals need to see with respects to pet ownership, and by and large most writers agree on several cardinal points refering to these issues. First, that immunocompromised persons need to carefully see the important hazards of favored ownership and that instruction leting them to make so needs to be provided in an empathic, caring environment ( Kotton, 2007 ) . Second, that few immunosuppressed individuals initiate these conversations themselves ( Davis, 2008 ) . Last, that there does non look to be consistent duologue or coaction between the Fieldss of human and veterinary medical specialty ( Lipton et al, 2008 ) . In order to get the better of these jobs and travel towards a declaration of the issue of zoonotic disease transmittal, physician-veterinarian relationships need to be established early. In a survey sing the attitudes of veterinaries and doctors towards zoonotic diseases amongst immunocompromised patients, doctors were uncomfortable discoursing the function of pets in the transmittal of zoonotic diseases. Alternatively doctors preferred that veterinaries initiate those treatments ( Grant and Olsen, 1999 ) . However, without physician support, most patients do non see veterinaries as a beginning of information sing human wellness ( Beck and Meyers, 1996 ; Robinson, 2000 ; McNicholas et Al, 2005 ) . This is despite most veterinaries recognizing their function in public instruction refering zoonotic disease bar, and being prepared for stronger partnerships with public wellness bureaus ( Lipton et al, 2008 ) . As the theoretical account of coaction between wellness professionals alterations into a system of One Health, opportunities to develop schemes specifically adopted towards the bar of zoonotic disease within vulnerable immunosuppressed populations could originate. Currently policies remain in their babyhood as comprehensive, comparative medical specialty has merely late regained widespread entreaty. Generally, schemes have been centred on the distribution of educational booklets and stuffs on the subject of comrade animate being related zoonotic diseases, or little marks within medical waiting countries promoting patients to talk with their wellness professional to heighten bar ( Beck and Meyers, 1996 ; Grant and Olsen, 1999 ; Bender and Minicucci, 2007 ; Pickering et Al, 2008 ) . Unfortunately, despite the fact that these methods may at first appear empowering, it is improbable that many patients are within the appropriate phase of alteration to originate alterations, and therefore are unwilling to utilize the resources. Furthermore, it has been suggested that on norm, veterinaries engaged in treatments sing zoonotic disease merely twice per hebdomad, and doctors seldom, if at all ( Grant and Olsen, 1999 ) . This farther demonstrates the deficiency of information being communicated to patients. However, despite the lack of concrete stairss taken towards seting specific policies into topographic point, the undermentioned suggestions have been put frontward as recommendations for cut downing the transportation of zoonotic disease to immunosuppressed persons. 1. Increased public instruction demands to be provided to immunocompromised persons and their households. a ) Education sing appropriate attention and hygiene of pets, and people in contact with comrade animate beings needs to be provided ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ; Hemsworth and Pizer, 2006 ; Mani and Maguire, 2009 ) . This includes manus rinsing after contact with pets, every bit good as care of a clean, healthy environment, modus operandi and regular veterinarian attention ( including handling with appropriate parasiticides ) , and regular pet hygiene ( e.g. niping cats claws, cleaning litter box day-to-day, forestalling Canis familiariss from creaming, etc ) ( NASPHV, 2009 ) . It is of import besides that comrade animate beings are spayed or neutered to cut down the potency for contact with venereal secernments. Discussions sing appropriate eating wonts are important, as immunocompromised patients should ne'er feed their pets natural meat due to the increased hazard of transmittal of pathogens such as Salmonella and tineas to their pets, which can so go vectors themselves. Immunosupp ressed persons must keep their ain hygiene, as integral mucocutaneous barriers are one of the few defense mechanisms against development of disease. B ) Recommendations refering appropriate pet purchases and contact with bad species need to be outlined ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ; Hemsworth and Pizer, 2006 ; Mani and Maguire, 2009 ) . Immunosuppressed individuals should avoid holding any reptilians or amphibious vehicles, wild or alien birds, or gnawers as pets. Additionally, many persons are non cognizant that acceptance of an grownup animate being reduces the opportunities of infection with a GI zoonotic disease. 2. Improved coaction between wellness attention professionals needs to be maintained in order to place possible zoonotic state of affairss. a ) Health professionals must join forces sing their consciousness of the hazards of infection and showing marks of disease in both human and carnal patients ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ; Hemsworth and Pizer, 2006 ; Mani and Maguire, 2009 ) . Knowledge of susceptible persons within the same family, such as an sick pet or individual, allows wellness attention practicians to give appropriate advice and instructions on bar of disease transmittal. Comprehensive medical direction programs can so be given in order to maximise life anticipation and minimise morbidity for both human and carnal patients. B ) Dialogue refering zoonotic diseases present in the patient ‘s and the community ‘s environing environment must be undertaken within a squad environment ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ; Kahn, 2006 ) . Currently disease surveillance is fragmented, with human wellness professionals describing to different administrations and sections in authorities than veterinary professionals. If this were synchronised there would be a greater opportunity of placing possible zoonotic eruptions prior to occurrence, every bit good as hastening local responses required to command events. 3. Integrated instruction for doctors and veterinaries can cut down the uncomfortableness that wellness professionals feel at the thought of collaborative treatments. a ) Comprehensive instruction on the topic of public wellness, zoonotic disease and immunocompromised patients during professional preparation can cut down the fright of treatments on the topic ( Grant and Olsen, 1999 ; Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ) . Combined veterinary and medical preparation both during preparation and through continuing instruction post-graduation through required coursework or workshops ensures consistence in the messages given to patients sing zoonotic disease every bit good as furthering collaborative working relationships between professionals that can transport frontward to future interactions. 4. There should be increased scientific survey on the subject of disease transmittal between immunosuppressed persons and their pets. a ) Research performed jointly by doctors and veterinaries on the topic of zoonotic disease transmittal could formalize present twenty-four hours concerns and sentiments ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ; Hemsworth and Pizer, 2006 ; Kahn, 2006 ) . To day of the month at that place have been no randomised controlled tests, and few instance control surveies on the subject of disease transmittal amongst immunosuppressed persons, taking to guess as to the overall hazards of infection. Misconceptions of elevated hazard of pet-acquired unwellnesss often lead households to acquire rid of darling pets unnecessarily doing indefensible emphasis and depression. This is despite the fact that the bulk of pets do non do any greater hazards to immunocompromised patients than interaction with other people or the environment would ( Burton, 1989 ; Wallace et Al, 1993 ) . B ) Studies performed jointly by doctors and veterinaries on the topic of successful wellness promotional activities could promote farther integrating of these schemes and enterprises, and create and drift for future support ( Grant and Olsen, 1999 ; Kahn, 2006 ) . There exists small literature on which wellness promotional schemes appear to hold had a important impact on the decrease of zoonotic transmittal of disease amongst pet proprietors. 5. Improved visibleness of health care professionals within the general community can advance discourse in the subject of disease transference between comrade animate beings and their vulnerable proprietors. a ) Evidence of the presence of the support available for immunocompromised patients with pets can take to more unfastened communicating between patients and the health care professionals with whom they interact ( Grant and Olsen, 1999 ; Lipton et Al, 2008 ) . It is recommended that doctors and veterinaries affiliate with support groups to promote patients to utilize all preventative and diagnostic steps available.Strategic ExamplesAs mentioned, one of the cardinal wellness publicity schemes recommended by several writers was specialised, comprehensive instruction of the particular immunocompromised population. Health instruction is geared to better the cognition that a mark population holds sing the specific issue being discussed. A assortment of methods can be used to leave this information, from printed paperss ( including booklets, postings or manuals ) , to diverse media mercantile establishments ( including telecasting or wireless advertizements or internet web sites ) , to int eractive public treatments ( including community meetings and particular involvement groups ) . Currently, wellness instruction sing the transmittal of zoonotic diseases between immunocompromised persons and their comrade animate beings by and large takes the signifier of marks, booklets or postings in medical and veterinary office waiting suites. For best pattern, educational stuffs should be designed by a collaborative squad of doctors, veterinaries, nurses and wellness publicity specializers. For illustration, the Center for Disease Control presently maintains a web site that contains many client educational resources, including booklets and postings aimed at cut downing zoonotic disease transmittal in immunosuppressed populations for medical and veterinary offices ( CDC, 2011a ; CDC, 2011b ) . These resources are designed by their epidemiological public wellness specializers. Unfortunately, as was mentioned antecedently, even though these are first-class resources, as a inactive resource they are merely utile when they are used, and so make non truly empower the patient. A client ‘s sensed susceptibleness to disease and personal cues to action will play important functions in whether they choose to take the stuff, and so whether they choose to prosecute their wellness professional in the necessary duologue to do of import changes to their state of affairs. As good, the patient must be willing to take action one time they have acquired the recommendations. So while wellness instruction can ensue in improved communicating with patients as a starting point for originating treatment, it is merely functional when used as one of an armory of tools, instead than as the primary or exclusive agencies of zoonotic disease decrease amongst an immunocompromised population. Another recommendation was for a collaborative team-centered attack, in which wellness attention professionals form a squad to recommend for comprehensive medical direction programs that maximize healthy long lives for both human patients and pets. Since veterinaries have a duty to name, dainty and rede the proprietor or health professional on zoonotic disease it is of import that they feel they are a member of the wellness squad. Their function needs to guarantee that doctors and other wellness professionals are given accurate information on the hazards for their patients and practical advice on how to understate infections from happening. As portion of a collaborative squad, doctors should besides be proactive in asking about pet or dog ownership among their immunocompromised patients. Physicians must keep consciousness of pet infective diseases and hazards to advocate patients to forestall human infection. Doctors must besides acknowledge the disease in worlds every bit good as de velop cognition and apprehension of clinical syndromes in animate beings, because these may supply a hint to the aetiology of undiagnosed diseases in human patients. In order to ab initio make this positive working relationship, it is recommended that wellness scientific discipline colleges at universities create interdisciplinary nucleus classs necessitating all wellness subjects ( including but non limited to Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, Nursing, Public Health ) to work together on public wellness issues. By larning to work together groups learn to understand and recommend for each other, and hence go more expert at recommending for all of their patients. This would so widen to immunocompromised pet proprietors. Unfortunately, developing this type of course of study will take important organizational alteration and has non yet been completed. Organizational alteration seeks to cut down the demand for remedial or reactive policy by making positive, balanced and flexible constructions and schemes to get by with issues as they arise. Successful organizational alteration in this case requires reconstituting of resources and transmutation of metho dological analysis, which can merely be undertaken one time all cardinal stakeholders acknowledge and consider the possible effects of disregarding the state of affairs. As mentioned, it is estimated that at least 20 % of the current population is considered to be immunosuppressed ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ) . As this per centum grows, the impact of avoiding the reverberations of absent policies will go undeniable. However, legion pupil run interdisciplinary groups exist and one successful illustration of this type of confederation is the Aboriginal, Rural and Remote Health Group ( ARRHG ) from the University of Saskatchewan which fosters an interprofessional position on issues affecting vulnerable rural, distant and Aboriginal populations. With members from each of the professional wellness scientific discipline sections on campus, pupils learn to interact and pass on with a diverse array of subjects. In the interim, while waiting for new course of study to be developed, joint medi cal and veterinary medical workshops based on the success of groups such as ARRHG could be given to educate professionals on the zoonotic hazards to human wellness. By hammering ties, participants of these workshops would non merely go better advocators for their patients, but besides for the plans themselves, promoting universities to rush their bringing.The Role of Public Health ProfessionalsPublic wellness professionals have a important function in disease surveillance. Companion animate beings can be considered the proverbial ‘canary in a coal mine ‘ by which wellness boosters can break aim their activities based on current needs appraisals. As pets are in intimate contact with members of a human household, they frequently eat similar nutrients, portion the same beds, and serve as travel comrades ; therefore their disease hazard ends up similar to that of their proprietors. Animals hence may function as incidental lookouts for disease, as their wellness frequently mi rrors that of worlds in the same family. Communication between veterinaries, doctors and public wellness functionaries can ease rapid sensing of disease and execution of disease-control and bar schemes to finally minimise damaging wellness effects in both people and animate beings ( Robinson and Pugh, 2002 ) . Public wellness bureaus could increase their engagement in the decrease of zoonotic disease transmittal to immunocompromised persons by going involved in the development of educational stuffs, by moving as affairs between diverse wellness professionals and degrees of authorities, and by run intoing on a regular basis with the community to discourse concerns sing zoonotic diseases and their bar. Public wellness professionals could be instrumental in developing a secure online method for veterinaries, doctors and public wellness professionals to portion information sing zoonotic diseases within the community and possible methods with which to protect vulnerable groups prior to i nclusion of the media.DecisionsZoonotic diseases are a turning public wellness concern, particularly among vulnerable immunosuppressed populations. As more than 75 % of emerging human infective diseases involve zoonotic pathogens ( Lefebvre et al, 2006 ) , and comrade animate beings remain an of import possible beginning of disease for the increasing figure of immunocompromised persons within the population. However, given the emotional and physical benefits of favored ownership, wellness practicians must better their accomplishments in wellness instruction, protagonism and collaborative communicating in order to guarantee that their patients remain capable of keeping their ain wellness while coexisting with their comrade animate beings.

Definition and Examples of the New Rhetorics